Perl教学 第4篇 下文与数组变量之二

4、数组的输出：
(1) @array = (1, 2, 3);
print (@array, "\n");
结果为：
123
(2) @array = (1, 2, 3);
print ("@array\n");
结果为：
1 2 3
5、列表/数组的长度
当数组变量出现在预期简单变量出现的地方，则PERL解释器取其长度。
@array = (1, 2, 3);
$scalar = @array; # $scalar = 3,即@array的长度
($scalar) = @array; # $scalar = 1,即@array第一个元素的值
注：以数组的长度为循环次数可如下编程：
$count = 1;
while ($count <= @array) {
print ("element $count: $array[$count-1]\n");
$count++;
}
6、子数组
@array = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
@subarray = @array[0,1]; # @subarray = (1, 2)
@subarray2 = @array[1..3]; # @subarray2 = (2,3,4)
@array[0,1] = ("string", 46); # @array =("string",46,3,4,5) now
@array[0..3] = (11, 22, 33, 44); # @array = (11,22,33,44,5) now
@array[1,2,3] = @array[3,2,4]; # @array = (11,44,33,5,5) now
@array[0..2] = @array[3,4]; # @array = (5,5,"",5,5) now
可以用子数组形式来交换元素：
@array[1,2] = @array[2,1];
7、有关数组的库函数
(1)sort--按字符顺序排序
@array = ("this", "is", "a","test");
@array2 = sort(@array); # @array2 = ("a","is", "test", "this")
@array = (70, 100, 8);
@array = sort(@array); # @array = (100, 70, 8) now
( 2)reverse--反转数组
@array2 = reverse(@array);
@array2 = reverse sort (@array);
(3)chop--数组去尾
chop的意义是去掉STDIN（键盘）输入字符串时最后一个字符--换行符。而如果它作用到数组上，则将数组中每一个元素都做如此处理。
@list = ("rabbit", "12345","quartz");
chop (@list); # @list = ("rabbi", "1234","quart") now
( 4)join/split--连接/拆分
join的第一个参数是连接所用的中间字符，其余则为待连接的字符数组。
$string = join(" ", "this", "is","a", "string"); # 结果为"this is a string"
@list = ("words","and");
$string = join("::", @list, "colons"); #结果为"words::and::colons"
@array = split(/::/,$string); # @array = ("words","and", "colons") now

……