①constraint约束②foreign外键③references参考
④subquery子查询⑤inner内部的⑥join连接
二.预习部分
1.修改表SQL语句的关键字是什么
RENAME 修改表名CHANGE修改字段
2.哪个关键字可以按指定行数返回查询结果集
LIMIT
3.表连接都可以用子查询替换吗
可以
三.练习部分
1. 创建数据表，并实现对表的修改操作
#上机1
USE test;
CREATE TABLE person(
number INT(4) AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
sex CHAR(2),
bornDate DATETIME
);
ALTER TABLE person RENAME tb_person;
ALTER TABLE tb_person DROP `bornDate`;
ALTER TABLE tb_person ADD bornDate DATETIME;
ALTER TABLE tb_person CHANGE number id BIGINT;
2.使用SQL语句为myschool数据库中的result表添加约束
#上机2
USE myschool;
ALTER TABLE result ADD CONSTRAINT re PRIMARY KEY result(`studentNo`,`subjectNo`,`exameDate`);
ALTER TABLE result ADD CONSTRAINT fk_result_student FOREIGN KEY (studentNo) REFERENCES student (studentNo);
3.为学生表，科目表，成绩表添加数据
#上机3
USE myschool;
INSERT INTO `subject` (`subjectName`, `classHour`, `gradeID`) VALUES
('HTML', '160', '1'),
('Java OOP', '230', '2');
4.修改学生表，科目表数据
#上机4
USE myschool;
INSERT INTO `myschool`.`result` (`studentNo`, `subjectNo`, `exameDate`, `studentResult`) VALUES ('1002', '1', '2014-8-8', '78'),
('1003', '2', '2017-7-7', '98'),
('1004', '1', '2015-8-8', '78'),
('1005', '2', '2013-8-8', '78'),
('1006', '1', '2017-8-8', '66'),
('1007', '1', '2014-8-8', '55'),
('1008', '1', '2014-8-8', '13'),
('1009', '1', '2014-8-8', '89');
UPDATE student SET eamil='stu200000@163.com',loginPwd='000' WHERE studentNo='20000';
UPDATE `subject` SET `classHour`=`classHour`-10 WHERE `classHour`>200 AND `subjectNo`=1;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS student_grade1;
CREATE TABLE student_grade1(SELECT `studentName`,`sex`,`bornDate`,`phone` FROM student WHERE `gradeID`=1);
5.查询学生信息（查询2016年2月17日前五名 的学生的学号和分数）
#上机5
SELECT `studentNo`,`studentResult` FROM `result` WHERE `exameDate`<'2016-2-17' ORDER BY studentResult DESC LIMIT 5;
SELECT studentName,(YEAR(NOW())-YEAR(bornDate)) AS age,bornDate,phone FROM student
WHERE sex='女'
ORDER BY bornDate ASC
LIMIT 1,6;
SELECT YEAR(bornDate) AS nian,COUNT(studentNo) AS num FROM student GROUP BY bornDate HAVING COUNT(studentNo)>=2;
SELECT MAX(`studentResult`),MIN(`studentResult`),AVG(`studentResult`) FROM `result` WHERE `exameDate`='2016-02-17' GROUP BY `studentNo`;
6.查询指定学生的考试成绩
#上机6
SELECT MAX(`studentResult`),MIN(`studentResult`) FROM result
WHERE `exameDate`=(SELECT `exameDate` FROM `result` ORDER BY exameDate DESC LIMIT 1) AND
`subjectNo`=(SELECT `subjectNo` FROM `subject` WHERE `subjectName`='Logic Java');
#select max(exameDate) from result
7.查询某学期开设的课程
#上机7
SELECT subjectName FROM `subject`
WHERE subjectNo IN(SELECT subjectNo FROM `subject`
WHERE gradeId=(SELECT gradeId FROM grade WHERE gradeName='S1'));
8.查询某课程最近一次考试缺考的学生名单
#上机8
SELECT `studentName` FROM student WHERE `studentNo` IN(SELECT `studentNo` FROM student WHERE studentNo NOT IN(SELECT `studentNo` FROM `result`
WHERE `subjectNo`=(SELECT `subjectNo` FROM `subject` WHERE `subjectName`='HTML') AND
`exameDate`=(SELECT `exameDate` FROM `result` WHERE subjectNo=(SELECT `subjectNo` FROM `subject` WHERE `subjectName`='HTML')
ORDER BY exameDate DESC LIMIT 1)));
五.总结部分
多表联查实现的两种方式：
①表连接
②子查询
以上就是MySQL高级查询之理解与使用实例的详细内容，更多请关注php中文网其它相关文章！
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